Considering the low percentages of sperm chromatin decondensation and male pronuclear formation following intracytoplasmic sperm Injection (ICSI) in ovine species which decrease the chance of normal fertilization, the current study was designed to assess the effects of some methods of sperm pretreatment on male pronuclear (MPN) formation and oocyte activation in ovine ICSI procedure. The experimental groups of this study were comprised of: I) ICSI of untreated sperm (control), II) ICSI of pretreated sperm with GSH+Hep (GSH+Hep), III) ICSI of pretreated sperm with GSH+Hep coinjected with GSH (GSH+Hep+inj.GSH), and IV) ICSI of pretreated sperm with GSH+Hep coinjected with sperm extract (GSH+Hep+inj.SE). The injected oocytes were activated with Io+6-DAMP and after 16h, they were examined for prenuclear formation. The MPN formation in GSH+Hep+inj.GSH was higher (P<0.001) than other groups. The rate of activated ICSI oocytes in GSH+Hep group was higher (P<0.05) than other groups. In conclusion, ICSI of pretreated sperm with GSH+Hep accompanied with GSH Injection has dramatic effect on MPN formation in ovine species.

Background: Foot ulceration and lower limb amputation are still common complications of Diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic foot problems account for more hospitalization days than any other diabetic problem. The main etiologic factors are diabetic neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. An easy, simple to use and low cost method for screening of diabetic peripheral neuropathy will be very useful.Methods: From May 2003 to May 2004, all diabetic patients (type 1) referred to endocrine clinic of Namazi Hospital were evaluated for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), using the bedside scoring procedure. A score of 3-5 indicated mild, 6-8 moderate, and 9- 10 severe DPN. The perception of vibration, temperature, pinprick and ankle reflex was examined. Tuning fork (128 Hz), neuropen, cold and warm water and reflex hammer were used for evaluation.Findings: In this study we evaluated 80 patients (34 male and 46 female) with type 1 DM, with the age range of 6-31 years (Mean±SD 18.16±5.22 yr). The overall prevalence of DPN was 13.75%: mild in 7.5%, moderate in 5% and severe in 1.25% of the patients. The most common physical finding was the absence of ankle reflex. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of DPN. The prevalence of DPN was significantly associated with age, duration of DM and BMI (P< 0.05). There was no significant correlation with sex, HbAlc, puberty, parental consanguinity and family history of DM.Conclusions: Bedside scoring procedure is a simple, low cost and easy method for screening of DPN in patients with type 1 DM in outpatient clinic. Examination of ankle reflex is very important.It is concluded that the diabetic patients need better follow-up and more education.

The measurement of the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is one of the most important steps in the project design of miscible gas Injection for which several experimental and modeling methods have been proposed. On the other hand, the standard procedure for compositional studies of miscible gas Injection process is the regression of EOS to the conventional PVT tests. Moreover, this procedure does not necessarily result in an accurate calculation of the MMP. In this study, an effective procedure is presented using both conventional PVT and slim tube data in the regression to provide appropriate EOS parameters for field studies including miscible gas Injection. In the first step, the EOS parameters were subjected to regression to the conventional PVT data. In addition, these parameters were then used as inputs for simultaneous regression to the conventional PVT and MMP data. MMP is modeled through the automated execution of a series of compositional simulation of slim tube. Moreover, the regression uses a stochastic optimization for minimizing an objective function (regression) have been coupled with two separate core calculations, (1) equilibrium calculations of the conventional tests and (2) compositional simulation of the slim tube. For evaluation, a number of real reservoir fluids from field data are used from reliable datasets in the literature. Finally, the promising results demonstrated that this procedure is capable to provide EOS parameters for accurate predictions in the miscible gas Injection processes.

The aim of present study was to determine the degree of knowledge and skills of diabetic patients on insulin self-Injection procedure. This cross-sectional study was performed on 149 diabetic patients whose data were collected using a questionnaire for degree of knowledge and a check list for degree of insulin Injection skill. The findings indicated that while only 27.5% of subjects were familiar with the proper knowledge, the degree of skills on self-Injection procedure scored at proper (26/8%) and moderate (57/05%) levels among the patients. Statistically, significant relationships between knowledge and skills, skills and education level, and skills and job were found. The results highlight the areas where efforts to improve knowledge and practice may contribute to prevent the side effects of diabetes.

Background: Pain management is the challenging concepts in health workers. Since neonates have higher pain sensitivity in compare to childhood and adults. The objective of this study was to examine the pain relieving effect of breast feeding during immunization Injections in healthy neonates.Methods and Materials: In this control randomized clinical trial, Samples were divided two groups (by age and sex) of 76 healthy 2-4 months old term infants. In breast-fed group, 2 minutes before, during, and 15 seconds after the DPT immunization Injection were in mother hug, and in control group as routine of clinic, were lied on the examining table during Injection. Appearance of Neonates were observed and assessed by Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) during 5 second before immunization to 15 second after it.Results: In breast fed and control group mean of age were 81.53±41.46 and 81.61±40.59 day and for weight were 6.65±1.17 and 6.70±1.14 kg for hight were 64.27±5.5 and 63.38±5.06 cm respectively. There were significant differences in Behavioral Pain Scores of two groups include: facial expression (4 items), cry (5 items), and movements (6 items). (P<0.0001). There is no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for age, sex and the time of feeding prior to vaccination Conclusion: Regarding to significant difference in behavioral of pain responds in two groups, it is suggested, with simple and safe intervention method of straight breast feeding reduce pain during immunization and muscular Injections too.

Incidence of infertility is high (15-20%), so developing of new methods of evaluation and treatment is valuable. Intracytoplasmic sperm Injection (ICSI) is one of new methods of treatment for severe male factor (which is main indication). Male factor is the most important factor which influences results, but other factor may have some effect. In this study the factors which may affect results (especially female age) were studied. In spite of other studies, in this study, women were classified by presence of infertility inducing factors. By comparing female in betar HCG positive and negative patients, we concluded that if we choose couples who have only severe male factors and female is healthy, female age affects results. That means by increasing female age, the chance of pregnancy decreases. This is not true in females with some pathology dependent to infertility. It seems that female age only in healthy women is an important parameter in treatment outcome.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common, self-limiting condition. The purpose of this study was to comare the efficacy of canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of BPPV.In this prospective randomised unblinded controlled clinical trial 173 patients (45 men and 128 women) with a clinical diagnosis of BPPV (based on a positive history and Dix- Hallpike maneuver ) were entered into this clinical trial The mean duration of the symptoms was 6 month (range 1-120 months) and the mean age of the patients was 44. 27 years. The patients were randomly allocated to undrgo treatment with either dimenhydrinate, 50mg/tds (n=60), or CRP via Epley's maneuver (n=53), or placebo (n=60). Weekly follow up was done for 3 months to evaluate symptomatic improvement. Accrding to the resulte of this study 92-5% of the patients in the CPR group were symptom free while all of the patients receving dimenhydrinate or placebo had symptoms on followup (P<0.0001). At 3 months 98% of the patients in the CRP group and 17% of the patients in the dimenhydrinate group were satisfied with their respective treatments (P<0.0001). We conclude from our study CRP is significantly superior to dimenhydrinate in the treatment of BPPV.

Introduction: In different studies worldwide, gender ratios derived from ICSI (Assisted reproductive techniques) have been reported differently. Objective: Evaluation of neonatal gender in ICSI women referred to Mehr Infertility Research Center of Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the cases of infertile women referred to Mehr Infertility Research Center in Rasht for ICSI were examined to determine the sex ratio of the neonates. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and descriptive and an alytical (Chi-square and independent t) tests. Results: The results showed that 52% of single-born neonates, 60% of multiple pregnancies (single sex) and 52. 5% of multiple pregnancy (two sexes) were male. Conclusion: The ratio of male in single and multiple pregnancies in ICSI was higher than female.

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive fibrosis of the pancreas that leads to loss of endocrine and exocrine function of pancreas. The most common symptom is intractable pain. Which adversely effects quality of life, remains the most common indication for surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis.Case report: Three patients underwent operations for chronic pancreatitis at the Ghaem hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran. Indication for operation in all cases was intractable abdominal pain. In all of the three patients complete relief of symptoms was obtained. There was no morbidity and mortality. In one patient exocrine function of pancreas and malabsorpation resolved after surgery. Conclusions: Although chronic pancreatitis is uncommon, but in persistent abdominal pain surgery should be considered. Surgery for patients with chronic pancreatitis can be performed safely with minimal morbidity and effective in control of pain and malabsorption.